Latest news, Newsletter & Clinical Case Profiles

Update on Receiving Results
Contact the lab to update how you receive your results.  Our lab system now supports emailing of results.  Email can be requested singly or a combination of email and fax is available.  Results are also availble on our website.

Current e-Newsletter
We have a newsletter that can be downloaded as a PDF document.

  Current Research Projects
We have two active research projects in which samples can be submitted. In some cases, tests will be conducted at no charge.
  • Aspergillus serology
  • Kidney disease

Contact the lab for more information

Current Clinical Cases

Our Publications
Contact us if you would like reprints.

C. Cray, T. Watson, and K. Arheart. Serosurvey and diagnostic application of antibody titers to Aspergillus  in avian species. Av Dis, in press.

M. Lichtenberger, C. Orcutt, D. DeBehnke, C. Cray, C. Paige, L. Mull, and R. Kirby. Fluid resuscitation after acute blood loss in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), J Vet Emerg Crit Care, in press.

J. Zaias, M. Mineau, D. Yoon, C. Cray, and N.H. Altman. Baseline reference values for serum protein electrophoresis in common laboratory rodent strains. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, in press.

C. Cray. New testing option for the diagnosis of Encephalitzoon cuniculi in rabbits. ExoticDVM, 11(2):27-28, 2009.

C. Cray, G. Arcia, S. Kelleher, R. Schneider, and K. Arheart. Application of ELISA and protein electrophoresis in the diagnosis of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. Am J Vet Res, 70(4):478-482, 2009.

C. Cray, D. Reavill, A. Romagnano, F. Van Sant, D. Champagne, R. Stevenson, V. Rolfe, C. Griffin, and S. Clubb. Galactomannan assay and protein electrophoresis findings in psittacine birds with aspergillosis. J Av Med Surg, 23(2):125-135, 2009.

C. Cray, M. Rodriguez, J. Zaias, and N.H. Altman. Effects of storage temperature and time on clinical biochemical parameters from rat serum. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, 48(2):202-204, 2009.

C. Cray, T. Watson, M. Rodriguez, K. Arheart. Application of galactomannan analysis and protein electrophoresis in the diagnosis of aspergillosis in avian species. J Zoo Wild Med, 40(1):64-70, 2009.

S.L. Deem, T.M. Norton, M. Mitchell, A. Segars, A.R. Alleman, C. Cray, R.H. Poppenga, M. Dodd, and W.B. Karesh. Comparison of blood values in foraging, nesting, and stranded loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) along the coast of Georgia, USA. J Wild Dis, 45(1):41-56, 2009.

C. Cray, D. Gautier, D.J. Harris, and K.L. Arheart. Changes in clinical enzyme activity and bile acids levels with altered liver function and disease in psittacine species. J Av Med Surg, 22(1):17-24, 2008.

C. Cray, M. Rodriguez, and K. Arheart. Use of refractometry for determination of psittacine plasma protein concentration. Vet Clin Path, 37(4):438-442, 2008.

C. Cray and D. Villar. Cross reactivity of anti-chicken IgY antibody with immunoglobulins of exotic animal species. Vet Clin Path, 37(3):327-331, 2008.

C. Cray, D. Villar, J. Zaias, N. Altman. Effects of fenbendazole on routine immune response parameters of BALB/c mice.  J Am Assos Lab Anim Sci, 47(6):1-5, 2008.

K. Chaffin, T.M. Norton, K. Gilardi, R. Poppenga, J. Jensen, P. Moler, C. Cray, E. Dierenfeld, T. Chen, M. Oliva, F. Origgi, S. Gibbs, L. Mazzaro, and J. Mazet. Health assessment of free-ranging alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) in Georgia and Florida.  J Wild Dis, 44(3):670-86, 2008.

S. Deem, E. Ladwig, C. Cray, W.B. Karesh, G. Amato. Health assessment of the ex situ population of Saint Vincent parrots (Amazona guildingii) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. J Av Med Surg, 22(2):114-122, 2008.

D. Villar, M. Kramer, L. Howard, E. Hammond, C. Cray, and K. Latimer. Clinical presentation and pathology of sarcocystosis in psittaciform birds: 11 cases. Av Dis, 52:187-194, 2008.

J. Zaias, T.J. Queeney, J.B. Kelley, E.S. Zakharova, and S. Izenwasser. Social and physical environment enrichment differentially affect growth and activity of preadolescent and adolescent male rats. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, 47:30-34, 2008.

Cray, M. Rodriguez, and J. Zaias. Protein electrophoresis of psittacine plasma. Vet Clin Path, 36(1):67-72, 2007.

S.L. Clubb, C. Cray, K. Arheart, and M. Goodman. Comparison of selected diagnostic parameters in African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus) with normal plumage and those exhibiting feather damaging behavior. J Av Med Surg, 21(4):259-264, 2007.

K.J. Hopper and C. Cray. Evaluation of a portable clinical analyzer in cynomologus macaques (Macaca fasicularis). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci, 46(3):43-47, 2007.

S. Newman, V.M. Padula, C. Cray, and L.D. Kramer. Health assessment of black-crowned night-herons of the New York harbor estuary. J Comp Biochem and Physiol Part B, 148:363-374, 2007.

D. Villar, C. Cray, J. Zaias, N. Altman. Biological effects of fenbendazole in rats and mice: a review. JAALAS, 46(6):8-15, 2007.

S.L. Deem, G.P. Sounguet, R. Alleman, C. Cray, T.M. Norton, E.S. Dierenfeld, R.H. Poppenga, and W.B. Karesh. Blood values in leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) on the coast of the Republic of Gabon. J Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 37:464-471, 2006.

J. Zaias, T. Norton, A. Fickel, J. Spratt, N.H. Altman, and C. Cray. Biochemical and hematologic values for 18 clinically healthy radiated tortoises (Geochelone radiata) on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, Vet Clin Path, 35(3):321-325, 2006.

C.Cray, J. Roskos, K. Zielezienski-Roberts. Detection of cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, in the plasma of birds exposed to second hand smoke, J Av Med Surg, 19(4):277-279, 2005.

C. Cray, K. Zieleienski-Roberts, M. Bonda, R. Stevenson, R. Ness, S. Clubb, and A. Marsh. Antemortem diagnosis of sarcocytosis in psittacine birds, J Av Med Surg, 19(3):208-215, 2005.

C. Cray and M. Bonda. Application of IFA serology to the diagnosis of chlamydophilosis in a pet store. AAV Clinical Forum, pp. 7-9, July-August, 2005. (non refereed)

C. Cray. Letter to the Editor – questions conclusions in electrophoresis study. AJVR, 66(6):936, 2005.

C. Cray and J. Zaias. “Laboratory procedures” in Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotics Animal Practice, Eds. A. Rupley and M. Schulte, Elsevier, Inc., 7(2):487-518, 2004.

C. Cray and A. Andreopoulos. Comparison of two methods to determine plasma bile acids concentrations in healthy birds. J Av Med Surg, 17(1):11-15, 2003.

C Cray. Ways to improve outside laboratory results. ExoticDVM. 4.6:22, 2003. (non refereed)

C. Cray, E. Greiner, K. Zielezienski. Serological diagnosis of Sarcocystosis. AAV Newsletter & Clinical Forum, pp 3-5, March-May, 2002. (This paper was previously published in a meeting proceedings so it was not acceptable for publication in a refereed journal; this forum reprinted the original article.)

J. Zaias and C. Cray. Protein electrophoresis: a tool for the reptilian and amphibian practitioner. J Herp Med and Surg, 12(1): 30-32, 2002.

C. Cray, R. Varella, G.D. Bossart, and P. Lutz. Altered in vitro immune responses in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomatosis. J Zoo Wildlife Med, 32(4):436-440, 2001.

C. Cray, G. Bossart. Biochemical tests for clinical use on avian samples. AAV Newsletter & Clinical Forum, pp. 4-5, Sept-Nov, 2001. (This paper was previously published in a meeting proceedings so it was not acceptable for publication in a refereed journal;  this forum reprinted the original article.)

S. Kossoff, R. Bladow, and C. Cray. Standardization of avian diagnostics in hematology and chemistry. AAV Newsletter & Clinical Forum, pp. 6-7, Sept-Nov, 2001.  (This paper was previously published in a meeting proceedings so it was not acceptable for publication in a refereed journal; this forum reprinted the original article.)

P. Lutz, C. Cray, and P.L. Sposato. Studies of the association between Immunosuppression and fibropapillomatosis within three habitats of Chelonia mydas. Southwest Fisheries Science Center Honolulu Laboratory Administrative Report H-01-01C, January, 2001.

R.R. Mitchell, S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.J. Tempelman, C. Cray, W. Stevens, and S.J. Bursain. Chronic dosing study to assess the health and reproductive effects of tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot on game-farm mallards. 2. Hematological effects and concentrations of metal residues in selected tissues of adult mallards. J Wild Dis, 37:459-467, 2001.

T.M. Work, R.A. Rameyer, G.H. Balazs, C. Cray, and S.P. Chang.  Immunology of fibropapillomatosis in free ranging green turtles from Hawaii.  J Wild Dis, 37:574-581, 2001.

J. Zaias, R.W. Kornegay, N.H. Altman, and A.J. Herron. Unusual immunophenotype of a soft tissue sarcoma in a European polecat (Mustela putorius). Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci, 40:43-44, 2001.

C. Cray. “Avian blood normals” in Handbook of Avian Medicine, Eds. G.H. Olsen and S. Orosz, Mosby Year Book, Inc., pp 590-595, 2000.

C. Cray. “Diagnostic use of protein electrophoresis in birds” in Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XIII, eds. Bonagura and Kirk, WB Saunders and Co., pp.1107-1109,2000.

L. Tatum, J. Zaias,  B.K. Mealey, C. Cray, and G.D. Bossart. Protein electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool in raptor medicine.  J Zoo Wildlife Med 31:497-502, 2000.

T.M. Work, R.A. Rameyer, G.H. Balazs, C. Cray, and S.P. Chang.  Immune status of free-ranging Green turtles from Hawaii with fibropapillomatosis.  Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu Laboratory Administrative Report H-00-11C, December, 2000.

J. Zaias, W.P. Fox, C. Cray, and N.H. Altman. Comparative clinical pathology of the brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis): hematology, protein electrophoresis, and blood chemistry.A J Vet Res, 61:771-774, 2000.

C. Cray, et al. Roundtable on chlamydiosis from the 1998 AAV Annual Conference. J Av Med Surg. 13:45-49, 1999.

C. Cray and L. Tatum. Application of protein electrophoresis in avian diagnostic testing. J Av Med Surg, 12:4-10, 1998.

M.E. Kelly, S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman, and S. J. Bursian. The effect of tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer Shot on game-farm mallards. J Wildlife Dis 34:673-687, 1998.